Upon completion of this seminar the students should be able to describe
- principles of disease surveillance in the community.
- the most prevalent conditions
- the role of a health agency in intervening to prevent or delay onset of, or provide early intervention to reduce, deteriorating health status of various population groups.
- Purposes of surveillance to detect onset of acute infectious disease
- The capability to estimate changes in in incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases.
- Competencies: 1A(1-4,9) 1C(1,3,4,8,10) 1D(2,8) IIA (1,4,7)
Key Words
Community Surveys, Passive & Active surveillance, Chronic Diseases, Environmental Hazards, Denominator data, Numerator data, Prevalence, Incidence, and examples of epidemiologic investigations.
Concept
Chronic non-infectious diseases are as amenable to epidemiologic evaluation and intervention as acute communicable disease. Both types of disease require use of surveillance.
References
Maxcy Rosenau 13th & 14th Edns. Chapter 2
Introduction to Public Health, Schneider Chapter 11, Page 112 through 121.Smoking Trends from the BMJ
Case Definition from the CDC
The Cochrane Library is being used increasingly by those interested in Surveillance. It is in many respects the Gold Standard for surveillance methods. It has started a Health Promotion and Public Health section which those of you, interested in the topic, may want to review
Example of a screening review from the USPSTF
A public health Surveillance Tool Kit
Division of Public Heath Surveillance and Information
National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS)
Epidemic Intelligence Service EIS
CDC's Epidemiology Program Office
WHO's Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response
CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
Those of you with an interest in Cancer Epidemiology might want to look at the Maps available from the NCI
Reading:
Schneider, 2nd Edn pp 61-67, pp 121-131
Scan:
The Dissapearing Autopsy
Screening for Breast Cancer
Planned Surveillance of Diabetes in NY City: Review this policy evaluation from Science (July14. 2006) and be prepared to discuss whether you believe it would work in New York. Would it work in Virginia?
Go to PowerPoint Presentation ( pdf file ) Handouts
An additional Slide Show from McGill UInversoty in Canada